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R-21 (missile)
The R-21 ((ロシア語:''Р-21''); NATO: SS-N-5 'Sark/Serb'; GRAU: 4K55) was a submarine-launched ballistic missile in service with the Soviet Union between 1963 and 1989. It was the first Soviet nuclear missile that could be launched from a submerged submarine, and also had twice the range of earlier missiles. It replaced the R-11FM and R-13 (SS-N-4) on many Golf and Hotel-class submarines, and was in turn superseded by the R-27 (SS-N-6 'Serb') missile carried by Yankee-class submarines.
==Development==
Development of the R-15 and R-21 was initially assigned to Mikhail Yangel's Yuzhnoye Design Office (OKB-586) on 20 March 1958. The project was transferred to Viktor Makeyev's SKB-385 on 17 March 1959. It was intended for the ''Golf''-class submarines (Project 629B); the complete missile system was called the D-4 weapon complex.
The 4th Research Institute had been conducting trials of underwater missile launch systems since 1955〔 with modified Scuds but the first successful launch was in 1960〔 and the first flight of a standard R-21 was in 1962.〔 Over the lifetime of the missile, 193 out of 228 launches were successful.〔Bukharin (2004) p319〕
The R-21 was probably the basis for the design of the North Korean No Dong (Rodong-1) missile.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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